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T4227
Time-Code Receiver
Description
The T4227 is a bipolar integrated straight-through receiver circuit in the frequency range of 40 kHz to 120 kHz. The device is designed for radio-controlled clock applications with very high sensitivity.
Features
D Low power consumption D Very high sensitivity D High selectivity by using crystal filter D Power-down mode available D Only a few external components necessary D Complementary output stages D AGC hold mode D Wide frequency range (40 kHz to 120 kHz) D Low battery voltage applications (1.1 V to 3.6 V)
Block Diagram
Figure 1. Block diagram
Ordering Information
Extended Type Number T4227-DDT T4227-FB T4227-FBG3 T4227-DBQ Package No SSO16 SSO16 No Taped and reeled CSP Chip Scale Package Die in trace Remarks
Rev. A2, 24-Jul-00
1 (13)
Preliminary Information
T4227
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter Supply voltage Ambient temperature range Storage temperature range Junction temperature Electrostatic handling ( MIL Standard 883 D HBM ) Symbol VCC Tamb Rstg Tj VESD Value 5.5 -40 to +85 -55 to +150 125 2000 Unit V _C _C _C V
PAD Coordinates
The T4227 is available as die for "chip-on-board" mounting and in SSO16 package. DIE size: 1.65 x 1.44 mm PAD size: 100 x 100 m (contact window 88 x 88 m) Thickness: 300 m 10 m Symbol RFI GND RFO Vcc IN2 IN1 OUT2 OUT1 PON PK HLD DEM Ground RF-output (to crystal) Supply voltage Antenna input 2 Antenna input 1 Negative signal output Positive signal output Power on intput Peak detector output AGC hold Demodulator output Function RF-input (from crystal) x-axis (mm) 130 130 130 130 130 130 1430 1430 1430 1430 1430 1430 y-axis (mm) 1141 934 727 520 313 106 106 313 520 727 934 1141 Pad # (dice) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Pin # (SSO16*) 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 12 13 14 15
* Pin 1, 8, 9 and 16 not connected
PAD Layout
1 2 3 4 5
Pin Layout SSO16
DEM HLD PK PON OUT1
12 11 10 9 8 7
RFI GND RFO VCC IN2
n.c. RFI GND RFO The PAD coordinates are referred to the left top point of the contact window. VCC IN2 IN1 n.c.
1 2 3 4 T4227 5 6 7 8
16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9
n.c. DEM HLD PK PON OUT1 OUT2 n.c.
y-axis
OUT2 IN1 MASK NR. x-axis Reference point (%)
6
Figure 2. Pad layout Figure 3. Pin layout SSO16
2 (13)
Rev. A2, 24-Jul-00
Preliminary Information
T4227
IN1, IN2
A ferrite antenna is connected between IN1 and IN2. For high sensitivity, the Q factor of the antenna circuit should be as high as possible. Please note that a high Q factor requires temperature compensation of the resonant frequency in most cases. We recommend a Q factor between 40 and 150. Depending on the application. An optimal signal-to-noise ratio will be achieved by a resonant resistance of 50 kW to 200 kW.
VCC
PAD 4 (Pin 5)
RFI
200k
200k
RF-Amp
IN1
PAD 6 (Pin 7)
IN2
PAD5 (Pin 6)
Figure 6.
from AGC
DEM
Demodulator output. To ensure the function, a external capacitor has to be connected at this output.
GND
PAD 2
Figure 4.
RFO
In order to achieve a high selectivity, a crystal is connected between the Pins RFO and RFI. It is used with the serial resonant frequency according to the time-code transmitter (e.g., 60 kHz WWVB, 77.5 kHz DCF or 40 kHz Japan) and acts as a serial resonator. The given parallel capacitor of the filter crystal (about 0.8 pF) is internally compensated so that the bandwidth of the filter is about 10 Hz. The impedance of RFI is high. Parasitic loads have to be avoided.
Figure 7.
HLD
AGC hold mode: HLD high (VHDL = VCC) sets normal function, SL low (VHDL = 0) holds for a short time the AGC voltage. This can be used to prevent the AGC from peak voltages, created by e.g. a stepper motor.
Figure 5.
Rev. A2, 24-Jul-00
3 (13)
Preliminary Information
T4227
Figure 8.
Figure 10.
PK
Peak detector output: An external capacitor has to be connected to ensure the function of the peak detector. The value of the capacitance influences the AGC regulation time.
OUT1, OUT2
The serial signal of the time-code transmitter can be directly decoded by a microcomputer. Details about the time-code format of several transmitters are described separately. The output consists of a combination of a NPN / PNP open collector stage. The function depends on the external circuitry: D A load resistor is connected from OUT1 to Vcc, OUT2 is connected to GND. This performs the functionality of a NPN open collector stage. D A load resistor is connected from OUT2 to GND, OUT1 is connected to VCC. This performs the functionality of a PNP open collector stage.
Figure 9.
VCC, GND
VCC and GND are the supply voltage inputs. To power down the circuitry it is recommended to use the PDN input and not to switch the power supply. Switching the power supply effects in a long power up waiting time.
PON
If PON is connected to GND, the receiver will be activated. The set-up time is typically 0.5 s after applying GND at this pin. If PON is connected to VCC, the receiver will switch to power-down mode.
Figure 11.
4 (13)
Rev. A2, 24-Jul-00
Preliminary Information
T4227
Design Hints for the Ferrite Antenna
The bar antenna is a very critical device of the complete clock receiver. Observing some basic RF design rules helps to avoid possible problems. The IC requires a resonant resistance of 50 kW to 200 kW. This can be achieved by a variation of the L/C-relation in the antenna circuit. It is not easy to measure such high resistances in the RF region. A more convenient way is to distinguish between the different bandwidths of the antenna circuit and to calculate the resonant resistance afterwards. Thus, the first step in designing the antenna circuit is to measure the bandwidth. Figure 12 shows an example for the test circuit. The RF signal is coupled into the bar antenna by inductive means, e.g., a wire loop. It can be measured by a simple oscilloscope using the 10:1 probe. The input capacitance of the probe, typically about 10 pF, should be taken into consideration. By varying the frequency of the signal generator, the resonant frequency can be determined. If high inductance values and low capacitor values are used, the additional parasitic capacitance of the coil must be considered. The Q value of the capacitor should be no problem if a high Q type is used. The Q value of the coil differs more or less from the DC resistance of the wire. Skin effects can be observed but do not dominate. Therefore, it should not be a problem to achieve the recommended values of the resonant resistance. The use of thicker wire increases the Q value and accordingly reduces bandwidth. This is advantageous in order to improve reception in noisy areas. On the other hand, temperature compensation of the resonant frequency might become a problem if the bandwidth of the antenna circuit is low compared to the temperature variation of the resonant frequency. Of course, the Q value can also be reduced by a parallel resistor. Temperature compensation of the resonant frequency is a must if the clock is used at different temperatures. Please ask your supplier of bar antenna material and of capacitors for specified values of the temperature coefficient. Furthermore, some critical parasitics have to be considered. These are shortened loops (e.g., in the ground line of the PCB board) close to the antenna and undesired loops in the antenna circuit. Shortened loops decrease the Q value of the circuit. They have the same effect like conducting plates close to the antenna. To avoid undesired loops in the antenna circuit, it is recommended to mount the capacitor Cres as close as possible to the antenna coil or to use a twisted wire for the antenna-coil connection. This twisted line is also necessary to reduce feedback of noise from the microprocessor to the IC input. Long connection lines must be shielded. A final adjustment of the time-code receiver can be carried out by pushing the coil along the bar antenna.
Figure 12.
At the point where the voltage of the RF signal at the probe drops by 3 dB, the two frequencies can then be measured. The difference between these two frequencies is called the bandwidth BWA of the antenna circuit. As the value of the capacitor Cres in the antenna circuit is known, it is easy to compute the resonant resistance according to the following formula: 1 R res= 2 p BW A Cres where Rres is the resonant resistance, BWA is the measured bandwidth (in Hz) Cres is the value of the capacitor in the antenna circuit (in Farad).
Rev. A2, 24-Jul-00
5 (13)
Preliminary Information
T4227
Electrical Characteristics
VCC = 3 V, reference point Pin 3, input signal frequency 77.5 kHz 5 Hz; carrier voltage 100% reduction to 25% for tMOD = 200ms; Tamb = 25_C, unless otherwise specified. Parameter Supply voltage range Supply current Set-up time after VCC ON Reception frequency range Minimum input voltage Maximum input voltage Input amplifier max. gain (VPK = 0.1 V) Input amplifier min. gain (VPK = 0.8 V) Output voltage (OUT1, low) external circuitry like npn open collector stage Vl = 100 V; IOUT1 L = 30 A Pad/Pin IN1, IN2 Pad/Pin IN1, IN2 VCC = 3 V Test Conditions / Pins Pad/Pin VCC Pad/Pin VCC Symbol VCC ICC t fin Vin Vin VU1 VU2 VOut1 L 30 40 0.3 50 53 -40 0.3 Min. 1.1 200 1.5 120 0.6 Typ. Max. 5.5 250 Unit V A s kHz V mV dB dB V
Output voltage (OUT2, high) ex- Vl = 100 V; ternal circuitry like pnp open IOUT2 H = 30 A collector stage Output current (OUT 1 high) ex- Vl = 100 V; ternal circuitry like npn open 100% amplitude collector stage Output current (OUT 1 low) external circuitry like npn open collector stage Vl = 100 V; 25% amplitude
VOut2 H
VDD-0.5 VDD-0.3
V
IOUT1 H
1
A
IOUT1 L
30
500
A
Output current (OUT 2 high) ex- Vl = 100 V; ternal circuitry like pnp open 25% amplitude collector stage Output current (OUT 2 low) external circuitry like npn open collector stage Power-down control; PON Switch current receiver ON Quiescent current receiver OFF Set-up time after PON AGC hold mode; HLD Switch voltage receiver normal mode Input current AGC in hold mode AC characteristics Output pulse with for OUT1 and OUT2 Output pulse with for OUT1 and OUT2 Modulation according DCF77, 200 ms pulse Modulation according DCF77, 100 ms pule Pad/Pin HLD VHLD = VCC VHLD = 0 V Vl = 100 V; 100% amplitude
-IOUT2 H
30
500
A
-IOUT2 L
1
A
Pad/Pin PON VPDN = 0 V, Pad PON VPDN = VCC, Pad/Pin VCC -IPDN ICC0 t VHLD -IHLD tWO200 tWO100 170 70 195 95 Vcc-0.2 2 230 130 0.5 14 20 0.5 2 A A s V A ms ms
6 (13)
Rev. A2, 24-Jul-00
Preliminary Information
T4227
Test Circuitry with Pull-up Resistor (77.5 kHz)
77503 Hz 2.2nF Vcc
RFO
Transformer
RFI
DEM 100k OUT1
IN2
1k
~
51E
IN1
OUT2
AGC BIAS
PDN PON VCC GND
PEAK DET.
PK
HLD
PON
OFF AGC HOLD
Receiver ON
2.2 F
3 Volt
ON
Figure 13. Test circuit
Test Circuitry with Pull-down Resistor (77.5 kHz)
77503 Hz 2.2nF Vcc
RFO
Transformer
RFI
DEM OUT1
IN2
1k
~
51E
IN1
OUT2
AGC BIAS
PON VCC GND
PEAK DET.
100k
PK
HLD
PON
OFF AGC HOLD
Receiver ON 3 Volt
2.2 F
ON
Figure 14. Test circuit
Rev. A2, 24-Jul-00
7 (13)
Preliminary Information
T4227
Information on the German Transmitter (Customer is responsible to verify the information!)
Station: DCF 77, Frequency 77.5 kHz, Transmitting power 50 kW Location: Mainflingen/Germany, Geographical coordinates: 50_ 0.1'N, 09_ Time of transmission: permanent
00'E
Time frame 1 minute
( index count 1 second )
Time frame 40 45 50 55 0 5 10
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
coding when required
R A1 Z 1 Z 2 A2 S 1 2 4 8 10 20 40 P1 1 2 4 8 10 20 P 2 1 2 4 8 10 20 1 2 4 1 2 4 8 10 1 2 4 8 10 20 40 80 P3
minutes
hours
calendar day month day of the week
year
93 7527
Example:19.35 h 1 2 s seconds 20 21 22
Start Bit
4 23 24
8 25
10 26
20 27
40 28
P1 29
1 30
2 31
4 32
hours
8 33
10 34
20 35
P2
minutes Parity Bit P1 Figure 15.
Parity Bit P2
Modulation
The carrier amplitude is reduced to 25% at the beginning of each second for a period of 100 ms (binary zero) or 200 ms (binary one), except the 59th second.
Time-Code Format (based on Information of Deutsche Bundespost)
The time-code format consists of 1-minute time frames. There is no modulation at the beginning of the 59th
second to indicate the switch over to the next 1-minute time frame. A time frame contains BCD-coded information of minutes, hours, calendar day, day of the week, month and year between the 20th second and 58th second of the time frame, including the start bit S (200 ms) and parity bits P1, P2 and P3. Furthermore, there are 5 additional bits R (transmission by reserve antenna), A1 (announcement of change-over to summer time), Z1 (during summer time 200 ms, otherwise 100 ms), Z2 (during standard time 200 ms, otherwise 100 ms) and A2 (announcement of leap second) transmitted between the 15th second and 19th second of the time frame.
8 (13)
Rev. A2, 24-Jul-00
Preliminary Information
T4227
Information on the British Transmitter (Customer is responsible to verify the information!)
Station: MSF Frequency 60 kHz Transmitting power 50 kW Location: Teddington, Middlesex Geographical coordinates: 52_ 22'N, 01_ 11'W Time of transmission: permanent, except the first Tuesday of each month from 10.00 h to 14.00 h.
Time frame 1 minute
( index count 1 second)
Time frame 45 50 55 0
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
5
10
80 40 20 10 8 4 2 1 10 8 4 2 1 20 10 8 4 2 1 4 2 1 20 10 8 4 2 1 40 20 10 8 4 2 1 0
year Switch over to the next time frame
month
day of hour month day of week
minute Parity check bits
0 500 ms 500 ms
1
minute identifier BST hour + minute day of week day + month year BST 7 GMT change impending
93 7528
Example: March 1993 seconds 17
80
40
20
10
8
4
2
1
10
8
4
2
1
18
19
20
21
year
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
month Figure 16.
Modulation
The carrier amplitude is switched off at the beginning of each second for a period of 100 ms (binary zero) or 200 ms (binary one).
Time-Code Format
The time-code format consists of 1-minute time frames. A time frame contains BCD-coded information of year, month, calendar day, day of the week, hours and minutes. At the switch-over to the next time frame, the carrier amplitude is reduced for a period of 500 ms. The prescence of the fast code during the first 500 ms at the beginning of the minute in not guaranteed. The transmission rate is 100 bits/s and the code contains information of hour, minute, day and month.
Rev. A2, 24-Jul-00
9 (13)
Preliminary Information
T4227
Information on the US Transmitter (Customer is responsible to verify the information!)
Station: WWVB Frequency 60 kHz Transmitting power 10 kW Location: Fort Collins Geographical coordinates: 40_ 40'N, 105_ Time of transmission: permanent
03'W
Time frame 1 minute
( index count 1 second)
Time frame 45 50 55 0
P0
0
P 0 FM R 40 20 10
5
10
15
20 10
20
25
200 100
30
35
40
5
10
AD D SU B AD D P4 800 400 200 100
80 40 20 10 P5 8 4 2 1
8 4 2 1 P1
8 4 2 1 P2
80 40 20 10 P3 8 4 2 1
minutes
hours
days
UTI UTI year sign correction
daylight savings time bits leap second warning bit leap year indicator bit "0" = non leap year "1" = leap year
93 7529 e
Example: UTC 18.42 h Time frame P0 seconds 0 1 40 20 10 2 3 4 5 8 6 4 7 2 8 1 P1 20 10 8 4 2 1 P2
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
hours
minutes Frame-reference marker Figure 17.
Modulation
The carrier amplitude is reduced by 10 dB at the beginning of each second and is restored within 500 ms (binary one) or within 200 ms (binary zero).
Time-Code Format
The time-code format consists of 1-minute time frames. A time frame contains BCD1-coded information of minutes, hours, days and year. In addition, there are 6 position-identifier markers (P0 thru P5) and 1 frame-reference marker with reduced carrier amplitude of 800 ms duration.
10 (13)
Rev. A2, 24-Jul-00
Preliminary Information
T4227
Information on the Japanese Transmitter (preliminary) (Customer is responsible to verify the information!)
Station: JJY Frequency 40 kHz Transmitting power 50 kW Location: Sanwa, Ibaraki Geographical coordinates: 36_11' N, 139_51' E Time of transmission: permanent
Time frame 1 minute
(index count 1 second)
Time frame 40 45 50 55 0 5 10
0
5
10
15
20
200 10 0
25
30
35
PO FRM 40 20 10 0 8 4 2 1 P1 0 0 20 10 0 8 4 2 1 P2
minutes
hours
da ys year
Example: 18.42 h Time frame P0 seconds 59 0 40 20 10 1 2 3 4 5
minutes Frame-reference marker (FRM) Position-identifier marker P0
8 6
PA1 PA2 SU1 P4 SU2 80 40 20 10 8 4 2 1 P5 4 2 1 LS1 LS2 0 0 0 0 P0
80 40 20 10 P3 8 4 2 1
weeks leap second
4 7
2 8
1 P1
20 10
8
4
2
1 P2
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
hours Position identifier marker P1
0.5 second: Binary one 0.8 second: Binary zero 0.2 second: Identifier markers P0...P5 0.5 s "1" 0.8 s "0" 0.2 s
93 7508 e
"P" Figure 18.
Modulation
The carrier amplitude is 100% at the beginning of each second and is switched to 10% after 500 ms (binary one) or after 800 ms (binary zero) and to 200 ms for identifier marker P0 ... P5.
Time-Code Format
The time-code format consists of 1-minute time frames. A time frame contains BCD-coded information of minutes, hours, days, weeks and year. In addition, there are 6 position-identifier markers (P0 thru P5) with reduced carrier amplitude of 500 ms duration.
Rev. A2, 24-Jul-00
11 (13)
Preliminary Information
T4227
Package Information
Package SSO16
Dimensions in mm
5.00 max 5.00 4.80 1.40 0.2 0.25 0.635 4.45 16 9 0.25 0.10 3.95 max 5.2 4.8 6.2 5.8
technical drawings according to DIN specifications
1
8
12 (13)
Rev. A2, 24-Jul-00
Preliminary Information
T4227
Ozone Depleting Substances Policy Statement
It is the policy of TEMIC Semiconductor GmbH to 1. Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements. 2. Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on the environment. It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as ozone depleting substances (ODSs). The Montreal Protocol (1987) and its London Amendments (1990) intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and forbid their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these substances. TEMIC Semiconductor GmbH has been able to use its policy of continuous improvements to eliminate the use of ODSs listed in the following documents. 1. Annex A, B and list of transitional substances of the Montreal Protocol and the London Amendments respectively 2. Class I and II ozone depleting substances in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the USA 3. Council Decision 88/540/EEC and 91/690/EEC Annex A, B and C (transitional substances) respectively. TEMIC Semiconductor GmbH can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with ozone depleting substances and do not contain such substances.
2.
We reserve the right to make changes to improve technical design and may do so without further notice. Parameters can vary in different applications. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer application by the customer. Should the buyer use TEMIC Semiconductors products for any unintended or unauthorized application, the buyer shall indemnify TEMIC Semiconductors against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use. Data sheets can also be retrieved from the Internet: http://www.temic-semi.com
TEMIC Semiconductor GmbH, P.O.B. 3535, D-74025 Heilbronn, Germany Telephone: 49 (0)7131 67 2594, Fax number: 49 (0)7131 67 2423
Rev. A2, 24-Jul-00
13 (13)
Preliminary Information

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